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UNSC Permanent members meet Darfur rebel leader
Thursday 20 March 2008.
March 19, 2008 (GENEVA) — The Five permanent members of the UN Security Council met with the rebel Sudan Liberation Movement leader in presence of UN and African Union envoys.
 - Abdel-Wahid al-Nur
Abdel Wahid Mohamed Ahmed al-Nur the founder leader of the rebel SLM held unprecedented meeting with five permanent members of the UN Security Council with the participation of the UN and African Union envoys for Darfur on Tuesday evening in Geneva.
The meeting was organized by France, the host country of the rebel leader, in order to allow the rebel leader to express his point of view with regard to the peace process undertaken by the UN-AU envoys to Darfur.
Al-Nur has refused to take part in different meetings brokered by the two envoys.
The rebel leader told Sudan Tribune that the meeting meant to explain what the SLM expects from the international and regional communities in order to facilitate a comprehensive peace settlement in the war-torn region of Darfur.
"We are very thankful to the French Foreign Ministry and the other permanent members of the Security Council to give us this opportunity because we are peace lover and we want it today before tomorrow." Al-Nur said.
The rebel leader who described the meeting as "very positive" said he exposed the demand of Darfur people for security as prior condition before peace talks. "Our people do not trust this regime which signed two ceasefire agreements but continues to disseminating death and terror among civilians since 2003."
Abdel-Wahid explained that the "Conflict Suspension" is a confidence-building measure and not in any case an obstacle to achieve peace in the region. He further said that asking Khartoum to stop air and ground attacks and to disarm Janjaweed militia are all ready included in cease-fire deals or the peace agreement that Khartoum already signed.
"We do not ask the impossible. We encourage Khartoum to implement peace" Al-Nur affirmed.
He further said that his "movement (SLM) continues to reiterate the commitment to N’Djamena cease-fire agreement in April 2004 and we demands Khartoum to act reciprocally." He further condemned the recent attacks by Sudanese army and government backed militia in western Darfur.
He added that such violence justifies our rejection for talks with Khartoum unless it stops violence and killing of innocent civilians.
Abdelwahid reiterated that once Khartoum fulfils the "Conflict Suspension" the SLM is disposed to engage the "Conflict Resolution" and negotiate with the Sudanese government to discus the root causes of the problem.
An western expert who declined to be named said that antagonism and distrust between Darfur main ethnic group, the Fur, and the Sudanese Islamists back to the early nineties when the National Islamic Front started to encourage the settlement of Arab tribes from Chad and ignite troubles between them and other tribes like the Turgam tribe and recruit Zagawah people.
He added that root causes of the current conflict in Darfur goes beyond the simple presentation of local intertribal clashes between African and Arab tribes over the control of land and water.
POLITICAL MANEUVER
Asked about the call of Khalil Ibrahim, the leader of the rebel Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), to Sudanese government to hold one-on-one peace talks, Al-Nur said that "Khalil once again demonstrates that he defends another political agenda usurping the Darfuris cause."
The historical leader of the SLM further regretted that the plight of Darfur people used as political pretext to realise "hidden agenda."
Al Nur underlined that "Khalil mentor" the Sudanese Islamist Hassan al-Turabi is negotiating a reconciliation deal "with his former adepts of the National Congress Party (NCP) so it seems that Darfur is part of this deal" he said.
Khalil Ibrahim said that JEM is the only rebel group in Darfur and asked Khartoum to discuss with him alone to achieve peace in Darfur. |
June 28, 2006
Secretary General for the United Nations
RE: United Nation Troop Detachment Assignment to Sudan
Dear Secretary General:
I am writing to express concern and to request consideration given by the United Nations regarding the upcoming withdrawal of troops who are part of the African Union scheduled to take place on September 26, 2006 and the deployment of the United Nation Peace Keeping Troops scheduled for September 30, 2006. As you can see, there is a gap of four (4) days between the withdrawal of the African Union Troops and the scheduled deployment of the United Nation Peace Keeping Troops.
Given the recent events occurring in Sudan, the unreliability of the government in protecting its citizens and the atrocities that have been occurring despite attempts of many to intervene, any gap of hours and/or days without independent troop monitoring, be it African Union or United Nation Peace Keeping Troops, exposes the citizens of Sudan to grave risks of harm, violation of their rights and possible death.
This letter is being sent to encourage the United Nations to give serious consideration to moving up the deployment date to conincide with the withdrawal date scheduled by the African Union Troops. It is believed that there should be no gap between troop assignment and, accordingly, the United Nations should consider deploying troops for 1 or 2 days prior to the scheduled withdrawal by the African Union Troops. Any other arrangement poses a tremendous risk of atrocities being committed against the citizens of Sudan.
On behalf of myself, my family, friends and all citizens of Sudan who are expected to be impacted by any decision reached by the United Nations I want to thank you for your consideration of this very serious matter.
Sincerely,
Elgasim Salih, vice President of Darfur Human Rights Organization of the U.S.A
7218 Rupert Street. Philadelphia, pa 19149
www.darfur.h.r.org@hotmail.com
darfur.h.r.org@hotmail.com
elgasim@hotmail.com
cc: George W. Bush, President of The United States
United Press International & Associated Press
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Thursday, June 8, 2006
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أعلن المتحدث باسم وفد الحكومة السودانية المفاوض في أبوجا أن الحكومة تبحث الآن مبادرة أميركية لحل القضايا العالقة بين الفرقاء. وقال أمين حسن عمر في تصريح للجزيرة إن الحكومة السودانية وقعت بالأحرف الأولى على مشروع اتفاق السلام الذي قدمه الاتحاد الأفريقي. وأضاف في اتصال هاتفي مع الجزيرة أن الهدف من ذلك هو إظهار حسن النية ورغبة الخرطوم في التوصل لاتفاق سلام سريع. وأشار إلى تحفظات حكومية على بعض البنود، لكنه أكد إمكانية التعايش مع النص، على حد تعبيره.
وقدمت واشنطن اقتراحا بتعديل جزء من مسودة الاتحاد الأفريقي يطالب الحكومة بنزع سلاح الجنجويد قبل أن يتخلى المتمردون عن سلاحهم. في المقابل توضع خطة مفصلة لدمج أعداد محددة من المتمردين في قوات الأمن السودانية.
لكن المتمردين رفضوا التراجع عن مطالب إدخال تعديلات على المشروع الأفريقي. وقال رئيس وفد حركة تحرير السودان عبد الجبار دوسة إن مسودة الاتفاق التي طرحت في المباحثات ليست سوى أرضية للمناقشة وتحتاج للتعديل. وأكد في حديث للجزيرة ضرورة إيجاد صيغة وسط لمعالجة القضايا الخلافية الرئيسة وليس مجرد آثارها الجانبية. واعتبر أن قبول الحكومة ليس له أي قيمة لأن السلام لا يتم بالتوقيع على وثيقة من طرف واحد. وأضاف أن الخرطوم تدرك تماما أن الوثيقة لا تلبي مستحقات السلام، على حد وصفه. واتهم دوسة الحكومة السودانية بعدم الإفادة من تجارب ودروس الماضي وبأنها "لم تتجاوز خصامها مع الرشد والحكمة". كما اعتبرت حركة العدل والمساواة في بيان تلقت الجزيرة نت نسخة منه أن المقترح الأفريقي يعبر فقط عن وجهة النظر الحكومية. ووصفت المشروع بأنه مجحف وغير منصف وينهي آمال وتطلعات أهل دارفور للسلام. وقال البيان إن المشروع خلا من المطالب الأساسية لسكان الإقليم مثل التعويضات ونزع سلاح الجنجويد ودمج مقاتلي الحركة في القوات المسلحة والقوات النظامية الأخرى. وأصرت العدل والمساواة أيضا على حكم أهل دارفور لأنفسهم ومنصب نائب رئيس الجمهورية. ويواصل روبرت زوليك نائب وزيرة الخارجية الأميركية مساعيه لتقريب وجهات النظر. وقال زوليك في تصريحات للصحافيين إن بعض المتمردين لا كلهم أكثر استعدادا فيما يبدو لقبول حل وسط. ومن بين الأطراف المشاركة في جهود الوساطة بأبوجا
وزيرة التعاون الدولي البريطانية هيلاري بين. كما أجرى منسق السياسات الخارجية في الاتحاد الأوروبي خافيير سولانا اتصالات هاتفية مع ثلاثة من زعماء المتمردين ودعاهم لانتهاز الفرصة المتاحة.
http://www.darfur-hr.org/pages/2/index.htm
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تقدر مساحة دارفور بخمس مساحة السودان، وتحد الإقليم ثلاث دول: من الشمال ليبيا ومن الغرب تشاد ومن الجنوب الغربي أفريقيا الوسطى، فضلا عن متاخمته لبعض الأقاليم السودانية مثل بحر الغزال وكردفان من الشرق.
والغالب على إقليم دارفور كثرة المرتفعات الجبلية وأهمها جبل مرة حيث يوجد أكثر الأراضي الدارفورية خصوبة. كما ينقسم الإقليم إداريا إلى ثلاث مناطق: شمال دارفور وعاصمته مدينة الفاشر، وجنوب دارفور وعاصمته مدينة نيالا، وغرب دارفور وعاصمته مدينة الجنينة.
وتكثر في منطقة دارفور غابات الهشاب الذي يثمر الصمغ العربي فضلا عن حقول القطن والتبغ في الجنوب الغربي من الإقليم. وتتم في بعض مناطقه زراعة القمح والذرة والدخن وغيرها. ويمتاز دارفور بثروة حيوانية كبيرة قوامها الإبل والغنم والبقر. وقد تضررت هذه الثروة عندما ضرب الجفاف الإقليم في بداية السبعينات. وفضلا عن الحيوان والزراعة فإن بالإقليم معادن وبترولا.
دارفور والنزاع
كثيرا ما عرف إقليم دارفور صراعات بين الرعاة والمزارعين تغذيها الانتماءات القبلية لكل طرف، فالتركيبة القبلية والنزاع على الموارد الطبيعية الشحيحة كانت وراء أغلب النزاعات، وغالبا ما يتم احتواؤها وتسويتها من خلال النظم والأعراف القبلية السائدة.
ففي عام 1989 شب نزاع عنيف بين الفور والعرب، وتمت المصالحة في مؤتمر عقد في الفاشر عاصمة الإقليم. ونشب نزاع ثان بين العرب والمساليت غرب دارفور عامي 1998 و2001، وتم احتواؤه باتفاقية سلام بين الطرفين وإن كان بعض المساليت آثر البقاء في تشاد.
ويمثل إقليم دارفور نظرا لحدوده المفتوحة ولمساحته الشاسعة ولوجود قبائل عديدة لها امتدادات داخل دول أفريقية أخرى، منطقة صراع مستمر. وقد تأثرت المنطقة بالصراع التشادي-التشادي والصراع التشادي-الليبي حول شريط أوزو الحدودي، وبالصراعات الداخلية لأفريقيا الوسطى فراجت في إقليم دارفور تجارة السلاح، كما تفاعلت قبائل الإقليم مع تلك الأزمات.
ويعتبر دارفور قاعدة تشاد الخلفية فجميع الانقلابات التي حدثت في هذا البلد الأفريقي تم تدبيرها -حسب المصادر التي رجعنا إليها- من دارفور، ما عدا أول انقلاب أطاح بفرانسوا تمبلباي الذي كان أول رئيس لتشاد بعد استقلالها عن فرنسا. فالإطاحة بالرئيس فيليكس مالوم أو غوكوني عويدي ونزاع حسن حبري مع الرئيس الحالي إدريس ديبي ارتبط بإقليم دارفور الذي كان االقاعدة الخلفية للصراعات التشادية الداخلية.
ويشكل الإقليم نقطة تماس مع ما يعرف بالحزام الفرنكفوني (تشاد، النيجر، أفريقيا الوسطى، الكاميرون) وهي الدول التي كانت تحكمها فرنسا أثناء عهد الاستعمار، لذلك يسهل -حسب المراقبين- فهم الاهتمام الفرنسي بما يجري في الإقليم في الوقت الراهن.
E-mail : darfur.h.r.org@hotmail.com
2 - DARFUR
3 - دارفور.. التاريخ والقبائل والجنجويد
4 - BACKGROUND
5 - دارفور تعج بتناقضات مزمنة |
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Darfur Human Rights org of the u.s.a
DARFUR, a country of east central Africa, the westernmost state of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. It extends from about 10 N. to 16 N. and from 21 E. to 27 30 E., has an area of some 150,000 sq. m., and an estimated population of 750,000. It is bounded N. by the Libyan desert, W. by Wadai (French Congo), S. by the Bahr-el-Ghazal and E. by Kordofan. The two lastnamed districts are mudirias (provinces) of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The greater part of the country is a plateau from 2000 to 3000 ft. above sea-level. A range of mountains of volcanic origin, the Jebel Marra, runs N. and S. about the line of the 24 E. for a distance of over 100 m., its highest points attaining from 5000 to 6oo ft. East to west this chain extends about 80 m. Eastward the mountains fall gradually into sandy, bush-covered steppes. North-east of Jebel Marra lies the Jebel Medob (3500 ft. high), a range much distorted by volcanic action, and Bir-el-Melh, an extinct volcano with a crater 150 ft. deep. South of Jebel Marra are the plains of Dar Dima and Dar Uma; SW. of the Marra the plain is 4000 ft. above the sea. The watershed separating the basins of the Nile and Lake Chad runs north and south through the centre of the country. The mountains are scored by numerous khors, whose lower courses can be traced across the tableland. The khors formerly contained large rivers which flowed N.E. and E. to the Nile, W. and S.W. to Lake Chad, S. and S.E. to the Bahr-el-Ghazal. The streams going N.E. drain to the Wadi Melh, a dry river-bed which joins the Nile near Debba, but on reaching the plain the waters sink into the sandy soil and disappear. The torrents flowing directly east towards the Nile also disappear in the sandy deserts. The khors in the W., SW. and S.,the most fertile part of Darfurcontain turbulent torrents in the rainy season, when. much of the southern district is flooded. Not one of the streams is perennial, but in times of heavy rainfall the waters of some khors reach the Bahrel-Homr tributary of the Bahr-el-Ghazal. (For some 200 m. the Bahr-el-Homr marks the southern frontier of the country.) In the W. and S. water can always be obtained in the dry season by digging 5 or 6 ft. below the surface of the khors.
The climate, except in the south, where the rains are heavy and the soil is a damp clay, is healthy except after the rains. The rainy season lasts for three months, from the middle of June to the middle of September. In the neighborhood of the khors the vegetation is fairly rich. The chief trees are the acacias whence gum is obtained, and baobab (Adansonia digitata); while the sycamore and, in the Marra mountains, the Euphorbia candelabrum are also found. In the S.W. are densely forested regions. Cotton and tobacco are indigenous. The most fertile land is found on the slopes of the mountains, where wheat, durra, dukhn (a kind of millet and the staple food of the people) and other grains are grown. Other products are sesame, cotton, cucumbers, water-melons and onions.
Copper is obtained from Hofrat-el-Nahas in the S.E., iron is wrought in the S.W.; and there are deposits of rock-salt in various places. The copper mines (in 9 48 N. 24 5 E.) are across the Darfur frontier in the Bahr-el-Ghazal province. The vein runs N.W. and S.E. and in places rises in ridges 2 ft. above the general level of ground. There is an immense quantity of ore, (silicate and carbonate) specimens containing 14% of metal. Camels and cattle are both numerous and of excellent breeds. Some of the Arab tribes, such as the Baggara, breed only cattle, those in the north and east confine themselves to rearing camels. Horses are comparatively rare; they are a small but sturdy breed. Sheep and goats are numerous. The ostrich, common in the eastern steppes, is bred by various Arab tribes, its feathers forming a valuable article of trade.
Inhabitants.The population of Darfur consists of negroes and Arabs. The negro For, forming quite half the inhabitants, occupy the central highlands and part of the Dar Dima and Dar Uma districts; they speak a special language, and are subdivided into numerous tribes, of which the most influential are the Masabat, the Kunjara and the Kera. They are of middle height, and have rather irregular features. The For are described as clean and industrious, somewhat fanatical, but generally amenable to civilization, and freedom-loving. The Massalit are a negro tribe which, breaking off from the For some centuries back, have now much Arab blood, and speak Arabic; while the Tunjur are an Arab tribe which must have arrived in the Sudan at a very early date, as they have incorporated a large For element, and no longer profess Mahommedanism. The Dago (Tago) formerly inhabited Jebel Marra, but they have been driven to the south and west, where they maintain a certain, independence in Dar Sula, but are treated as inferiors by the For. The Zaghawa, who inhabit the northern borders, are on the contrary regarded by the For as their equals, and have all the prestige of a race that at one time made its influence felt as far as Bornu. Among other tribes may be mentioned the Berti and Takruri, the Birgirid, the Beraunas, and immigrants from Wadai and i3agirmi, and Fula from west of Lake Chad. Genuine Arab tribes, e.g. the Baggara and Homr, are numerous, and they are partly nomadic and partly settled. The Arabs have not, generally speaking, mixed with the negro tribes. They are great hunters, making expeditions into the desert for five or six days, at a time in search of ostriches.
Slaves, ostrich feathers, gum and ivory used to be the chief articles of trade, a caravan going annually by the Arbain ( Forty Days ) road to Assiut in Egypt and taking back cloth, fite-arms and other articles. The slave trade has ceased, but feathers, gum and ivory still constitute the chief exports of the country. The principal imports are cotton goods, sugar and tea. There is also an active trade in camels and cattle.
The internal administration of the country is in the hands of the sultan, who is officially recognized as the agent of the Sudan government. The administrative system resembles that of other Mahommedan countries.
Towns.The capital is El-Fasher, pop. about Io,ooo, on the western bank of the Wadi Tendelty in an angle formed by the junction of that wadi with the Wadi-el-Kho, one of the streams which flow towards the Bahr-el-Homr. Fasher is the residence of the sultan. There are a few fine buildings, but the town consists mainly of tukls and box-shaped straw sheds. It is 500 m. W.S.W. of Khartum. Dara, a small market town, is 110 m. S. of El-Fasher. Shakka is in the S.E. of the country near the Bahrel-Homr, and was formerly the headquarters of the slave dealers.
History.The Dago or Tago negroes, inhabitants of Jebel Marra, appear to have been the dominant race in Darfur in the earliest period to which, the history of the country goes back. How long they ruled is uncertain, little being known of them save a list of kings. According to tradition the Tago dynasty was displaced, and Mahommedanism introduced, about the i4th century, by Tunjur Arabs, who reached Darfur by way of Bornu and Wadai. The first Tunjur king was Ahmed-el-Makur, who married the daughter of the last Tago monarch. Ahmed reduced many unruly chiefs to submission, and under him the country prospered. His great-grandson, the sultan Dali, a celebrated figure in Darfur histories, was on his mothers side a For, and thus was effected a union between the negro and Arab races. Dali divided the country into provinces, and established a penal code, which, under the title of Kitab Dali or Dalis Book, is still preserved, and shows principles essentially different from those of the Koran. His grandson Soleiman (usually distinguished by the Forian epithet Solon, the Arab or the Red) reigned from 1596 to 1637, and was a great warrior and a devoted Mahommedan. Soleimans grandson, Ahmed Bahr (1682-1722), made Islam the religion of the state, and increased the prosperity of the country by encouragingimmigration from Bornu and Bagirmi. His rule extended east of the Nile as far as the banks of the Atbara. Under succeeding monarchs the country, involved in wars with Sennar and Wadai, declined in importance. Towards the end of the rSth century a sultan named Mahommed Terab led an army ~against the Funj, but got no further than Omdurman. Here he was stopped by the Nile, and found no means of getting his army across the river. Unwilling to give up his project, Terab remained at Omdurman for months. He was poisoned by his wife at the instigation of disaffected chiefs, and the army returned to Darfur. The next monarch was Abd-er-Rahman, surnamed el-Raschid or the Just. It was during his reign that Napoleon Bonaparte was campaigning in Egypt; and in I799 Abd-erRahman wrote to congratulate the French general on his defeat of the Mamelukes. To this Bonaparte replied by asking the sultan to send him by the next caravan 2000 black slaves upwards of sixteen years old, strong and vigorous. To Abd-er-Rahman likewise is due the present situation of the Fasher, or royal township. The capital had formerly been at a place called Kobb. Mahommed-el-Fadhl, his son, was for some time under the control of an energetic eunuch, Mahommed Kurra, but he ultimately made himself independent, and his reign lasted till 1839, when he died of leprosy. He devoted himself largely to the subjection of the semi-independent Arab tribes who lived in the country, notably the Rizighat, thousands of whom he slew. In 1821 he lost the province of Kordofan, which in that year was conquered by the Egyptians. Of his forty sons, the third, Mahommed Hassin, was appointed his successor. Hassin is described as a religious but avaricious man. In the later part of his reign he became involved in trouble with the Arab slave raiders who had seized the Bahr-el-Ghazal, looked upon by the Darfurians as their especial slave preserve. The negroes of Bahr-el-Ghazal paid tribute of ivory and slaves to Darfur, and these were the chief articles of merchandise sold by the Darfurians to the Egyptian traders along the Arbamn. road to Assiut. The loss of the Bahr-el-Ghazal caused therefore much annoyance to the people of Darfur. Hassin died in 1873, blind and advanced in years, and the succession passed to his youngest son Ibrahim, who soon found himself engaged in a conflict with Zobeir (q.v.), the chief of the Bahr-el-Ghazal slave traders, and with an Egyptian force from Khartum. The war resulted in the destruction of the kingdom. Ibrahim was slain in battle in the autumn of 1874, and his uncle Hassab Alla, who sought to maintain the independence of his country, was captured in 1875 by the troops of the khedive, and removed to Cairo with his family. The Darfurians were restive under Egyptian rule. Various revolts were suppressed, but in 1879 General Gordon (then governorgeneral of the Sudan) suggested the reinstatement of the ancient royal family. This was not done, and in 1881 Slatiiii Bey (Sir Rudolf von Slatin) was made governor of the province. Slatin defended the province against the forces of the Mahdi, who were led by a Rizighat sheik named Madibbo, but was obliged to surrender (December 1883), and Darfur was incorporated in the Mahdis dominions. The Darfurians found Dervish rule as irksome as that of the Egyptians had been, and a state of almost constant warfare ended in the gradual retirement of the Dervishes from Darfur. Following the overthrow of the khalif a at Omdurman in 1898 the new (Anglo-Egyptian) Sudan government recognized (1899) Ali Dinar, a grandson of Mahommed-elFadhi, as sultan of Darfur, on the payment by that chief of an annual tribute of 5o0. Under Ali Dinar, who during the Mahdia had been kept a prisoner in Omdurman, Darfur enjoyed a period of peace.
The first European traveller known to have visited Darfur was William George Browne (q.v.), who spent two years (1793-1795) at Kobb. Sheik Mahommed-el-Tounsi travelled in 1803 through various regions of Africa, including Darfur, in search of Omar, his father, and afterwards -gave to the world an account of his wanderings, which was translated into French in 1845 by M. Perron. Gustav Nachtigal in 1873 spent some months in Darfur, and since that time the country has become well known through the journeys of Gordon, Slatin and others.
AurHoRITIxs.Brownes account of Darfur will be found in his Travels in Africa, Egypt and Syria (London, 1799); Nachtigals Sahara und Sudan gives the results of that travellers observations. The first ten chapters of Slatin Pashas book Fire and Sword in the Sudan (English edition, London, 1896) contain much information concerning the country, its history, and a full account of the overthrow of Egyptian authority by the Mahdi. See also The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (London, 1905), edited by Count Gleichen, and the bibliography given under SUDAN.
E-mail: darfur.h.r.org@hotmail.com |
RE: Darfur Human Rights Organization of U.S.A.
Dear Donor/Sponsor:
We are writing to introduce you to our organization which is a non-profit corporation duly organized and operating in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. While we are locally based, our reach is intended to be international. As our Bylaws provide, we were created with an intended purpose of providing rehabilitation and resettlement services to Darfurian displaced citizens and/or refugees while providing a support system and network for displaced citizens and/or refugees from Darfur and its surrounding communities. In addition, we are working with individuals and organizations to help document and report human rights violations of citizens from Darfur and its surrounding communities to the international community to assist in securing international intervention.
The success of the efforts of our organization has its foundation in the support we received from the community. In our approach to achieving our goals as spelled out in our Bylaws, we have determined that it is most important to establish an awareness of the plight of the Darfurian citizens.
Our efforts require hundreds of hours of volunteer services and financial support. We are reaching out to you in an effort to secure your financial support by way of donations and/or contributions to assist us in this noble cause. We hope that we can count on you to support us and meet our goals of supporting the victims who are being subjected to human rights violations in the Darfurian region.
We would like to thank you in advance for considering our cause and organization and for any contribution which you are able to extend to us for this purpose.
Sincerely,
E-mail: darfur.h.r.org@hotmail.com |
What the Darfourians ask? Since 1983 the people of Darfour have been subjected to attacks, rape and slaughter. The Darfour people are in dire need for President George Bush to step in and help them. What we have here is the genocide of a whole population. The United States speaks of freedom and democracy for all mankind. The freedom of living without starvation and fear and constant harassment is the greatest freedom of all. We ask President Bush to name an appointee to take charge of the Darfour catastrophe, with the authority to take action and perform what is necessary to lift the dreadful burden and sufferings of the people; such action must be immediate without any delay.The Darfourians ask the United States to supply them with equipment, tents, and other necessities, so they can put their daily lives in order.1 – All the necessary logistics2 – To issue an order and instruct the forces of the African union to help guard and protect the civilians.3 – To protect civilians from attacks, theft of the little they still own, rape and displacement under the supervision and enforcement of the United States.4 –To appoint a negotiator to discuss matters with the Sudanese government to lift the misery in which the people are livingElgasim Salih Executive Director
E-mail: darfur.h.r.org@hotmail.com |
Princeton Marks Mile 75 for Former Slave's 300-Mile Walk to DC
FREEDOM NOW NEWS — Former Sudanese slave Simon Deng is on day 5 of his walk from New York to Washington to call attention to the genocide and slavery in Sudan and to call for U.S. government action to stop the violence against and enslavement of black African Sudanese. Along with those walking with Deng since day 1, are 50 students and parents from East Brunswick High School, Princeton High School and other local area high schools who have joined in today's walk. The walkers are expected to reach Trenton tomorrow and have ranged in age from 14 to 77.
Deng will be speaking at Princeton University tonight in the Architecture Building, Room N101, at 7:30 PM. At 9:00 PM, Deng will lead a short walk to Tiger Park in Palmer Square, where a candlelight vigil will be held. Both events are open to the public.
"The momentum is really building and many people are joining," said Deng. "The action we are taking today will save lives tomorrow."
Princeton marks mile 75 of the 300-mile walk. A number of refugees from Darfur, Western Sudan, have also been walking with Deng, including New Jersey resident, Daowd Salih of the Damanga Coalition for Freedom and Democracy, and Philadelphia residents, Abdelgabar Adam and Elgasim Salih of the Darfur Human Rights Organization.
The walk is sponsored by the Sudan Campaign.
© 2006 American Anti-Slavery Group |
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| WORLD ORGANIZATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS USA Formerly the World Organization Against Torture USA Morton Sklar, Executive Director DRAFT OUTLINE OF PLANS FOR A FALL HUMAN RIGHTS AWARD FUNDRAISER EVENT DARFUR AND THE SPIRIT OF THE ST. LOUIS This Fall or early Winter we are planning to have our second annual Spirit of St. Louis human rights award fundraiser event. This year’s focus will be on the Genocide in Darfur, and the use of rape as an instrument of war, ethnic cleansing and forced relocation. As we did last year, when the subject focus was female genital mutilation, the plan is to honor one or more individuals who have been involved in the effort to protect women from these gender-based abuses. This is consistent with the purpose of our Spirit of St. Louis human rights award, which is to commemorate the plight of refugees generally, and especially to honor the German ship St. Louis and its 937 Jewish refugees seeking to escape Germany in 1939 who were turned away by the United States and returned to the Holocaust in Europe. As was the case last year, when we honored and screened the Cannes Film Festival award winning film Moolaade, dealing with the issue of FGM and women’s rights in Africa, we plan to screen a film that dramatizes the plight of the refugees from Darfur, and the women who have been subjected to rape in that conflict. We are working with Terry George, director of Hotel Rwanda, to select the film or films to be honored, and we hope that Mr. George will attend the event to introduce the film. We also hope to include Dr. Annie Sparrow of Human Rights Watch in the program, and the artwork of the children of Darfur that she has collected showing the reality and the impact of the Genocide on the people and villages of the region in the most moving terms. We welcome suggestions for groups that we should be contacting as possible joint sponsors or participants in the event, as well as people seeking refuge from the Genocide in Darfur, and most especially survivors of rape, who can be recognized and honored at the event, and provided assistance with their asylum and relocation needs. Contact: Morton Sklar or Monique Beadle at Human Rights USA, telephone: (202) 296-5702, email: msklar@humanrightsusa.org and mbeadle~humanrightsusa.org 1725 K Street NW, Suite 610, Washington, DC 20006 Phone: (202) 296-5702 Fax: (202) 296-5704 Email: msk!ar@humanrightsusa.org Websites: www.humanrightsusa.Org, www.criminalaccountability.com and www.www.woatusa.org. The World Organization for Human Rights USA (or Human Rights USA for short) is an independent, affiliated national member of the International World Organization Against Torture and SOS Torture Networks. Border Network for Human Rights – 611 S. Kansas, El Paso, TX 79901; tel (915) 577-0724; fax (915) 577-0370; e-mail bordernet2001@yahoo.com.
Central American Resource Center (www.icomm.ca/carecen) – 91 N. Franklin St., Suite 211, Hempstead, NY 11550; tel (516) 489-8330; fax (516) 489-8308; e-mail carecen@pb.net.
Citizens and Immigrants for Equal Justice (www.ciej.org) – e-mail ciejinfo@aol.com.
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles (www.chirla.org) – 2533 W. Third St., Suite 101, Los Angeles, CA 90057; tel (888) 624-4752 or (213) 353-1333; fax (213) 353-1344; e-mail info@chirla.org.
Colombia America Service Organization (www.casa-usa.org) – 3138 Coral Way, Miami, FL 33145; tel (305) 448-2272; fax (305) 448-0178; e-mail
; tel (305) 448-2272; fax (305) 448-0178; e-mail ; tel (305) 448-2272; fax (305) 448-0178; e-mail casa@casa-usa.org.
Dominican American National Roundtable (www.danr.org) – 1050 17th St. NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 238-0097; fax (202) 238-9078; e-mail
; tel (202) 238-0097; fax (202) 238-9078; e-mail ; tel (202) 238-0097; fax (202) 238-9078; e-mail info@danr.org.
Inmigrantes Latinos en Acción – 1034 E. 6th St., #3, Austin, TX 78702; tel (512) 474-2399; fax (512) 474-6950; e-mail organizate@yahoo.com.mx.
National Coalition for Dignity and Amnesty – contact Asociación Tepeyac (www.tepeyac.org) or Farm Labor Organizing Committee (www.floc.com).
National Korean American Service and Education Consortium (www.nakasec.org) – 50-16 Parsons Blvd., Flushing, NY 11355; tel (718) 445-3939; fax (718) 445-0032; e-mail
; tel (718) 445-3939; fax (718) 445-0032; e-mail ; tel (718) 445-3939; fax (718) 445-0032; e-mail nakasec@nakasec.org.
New York Association for New Americans (www.nyana.org) – 17 Battery Pl., New York, NY 10004; tel (212) 425-2900.
; tel (212) 425-2900. ; tel (212) 425-2900.
Somali Family Care Network (www.somalifamily.org) – 5827 Columbia Pike, Suite 504, Falls Church, VA 22041; tel (703) 379-5900; fax (703) 379-5932.
; tel (212) 549-2660.
Amnesty International (www.aiusa.org) – 322 Eighth Ave., New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 807-8400; fax (212) 627-1451.
; tel (212) 807-8400; fax (212) 627-1451. ; tel (212) 807-8400; fax (212) 627-1451.
Catholic Legal Immigration Network (www.cliniclegal.org) – McCormick Pavilion, 415 Michigan Ave. NE, Washington, DC 20017; tel (202) 635-2556; e-mail national@cliniclegal.org.
Church World Service (www.churchworldservice.org/Immigration) – 28606 Phillips St., PO Box 968, Elkhart, IN 46515; tel (800) 297-1516 or (574) 264-3102; fax (574) 262-0966; e-mail
; tel (800) 297-1516 or (574) 264-3102; fax (574) 262-0966; e-mail ; tel (800) 297-1516 or (574) 264-3102; fax (574) 262-0966; e-mail info@churchworldservice.org.
Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (www.castla.org) – 5042 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 586, Los Angeles, CA 90036; tel (213) 385-5584; fax (213) 385-0702; e-mail info@castla.org.
December 18 (www.december18.net) – International NGO network in support of migrants' human rights, c/o Ms. Myriam De Feyter, Postbus 22, B - 9820 Merelbeke (Belgium); e-mail info@december18.net.
El Pueblo (www.elpueblo.org) – 118 S. Person St., Raleigh, NC 27601; tel (919) 835-1525; fax (919) 835-1526; e-mail
; tel (919) 835-1525; fax (919) 835-1526; e-mail ; tel (919) 835-1525; fax (919) 835-1526; e-mail elpueblo@elpueblo.org.
Episcopal Migration Ministries (www.episcopalchurch.org/emm) – 815 Second Ave., New York, NY 10017; tel (800) 334-7626 or (212) 867-8400.
, New York, NY 10017; tel (800) 334-7626 or (212) 867-8400. , New York, NY 10017; tel (800) 334-7626 or (212) 867-8400.
Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (www.hias.org) – 333 Seventh Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 967-4100; fax (212) 967-4483.
Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (www.icirr.org) – 36 S. Wabash, Suite 1425, Chicago, IL 60603; tel (312) 332-7360; fax (312) 332-7044; e-mail info@icirr.org.
Immigrant Legal Resource Center (www.ilrc.org) – 1663 Mission St., Suite 602, San Francisco, CA 94103; tel (415) 255-9499; fax (212) 255-9792.
International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (www.iglhrc.org) – New York: c/o HRW, 350 Fifth Ave., 34th Floor, New York, NY 10118; tel (212) 216-1814; fax (212) 216-1876. California: 1375 Sutter St., Suite 222, San Francisco, CA 94109; tel (415) 561-0633; fax (415) 561-0619.
; tel (415) 561-0633; fax (415) 561-0619. ; tel (415) 561-0633; fax (415) 561-0619.
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights (www.lchr.org) – 333 Seventh Ave., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 845-5200; fax (212) 845-5299; e-mail nyc@lchr.org.
Lesbian and Gay Immigration Rights Task Force (www.lgirtf.org) – 350 W. 31st St., Suite 505, New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 714-2904; fax (212) 714-2973; e-mail info@ligrtf.org.
Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Services (www.lirs.org) – 700 Light St., Baltimore, MD, 21230; tel (410) 230-2700; fax (410) 230-2890; e-mail lirs@lirs.org.
Mennonite Central Committee Immigration Office (www.mcc.org/us/peaceandjustice/immigrat.html) – 21 S. 12th St., PO Box 500, Akron, PA 17501; tel (717) 859-1151; (888) 563-4676; e-mail mailbox@mcc.org.
Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (www.maldef.org) – 634 S. Spring St., Los Angeles, CA 90014.
National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium (www.napalc.org) – 1140 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 296-2300.
; tel (202) 296-2300. ; tel (202) 296-2300.
National Coalition for Haitian Rights (www.nchr.org) – 275 Seventh Ave, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 337-0005.
, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 337-0005. , 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001; tel (212) 337-0005.
National Council of La Raza (www.nclr.org) – 1111 19th St. NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 785-1670.
; tel (202) 785-1670. ; tel (202) 785-1670.
National Immigration Forum (www.immigrationforum.org) – 220 I St. NE, Suite 220, Washington, DC 20002; tel (202) 347-0040; e-mail info@immigrationforum.org.
National Immigration Law Center (www.nilc.org) – 3435 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 2850, Los Angeles, CA 90010; tel (213) 639-3900; fax (213) 639-3911; e-mail info@nilc.org.
National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild (www.nationalimmigrationproject.org) – 14 Beacon St., Suite 602, Boston, MA 02108; tel (617) 227-9727; fax (617) 227-5495.
National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (www.nnirr.org) – 310 Eighth St., Suite 303, Oakland, CA 94607; tel (510) 465-1984; fax (510) 465-1885; e-mail nnirr@nnirr.org.
National Organization of Women Legal Defense and Education Fund (www.nowldef.org) – 1522 K St. NW, Suite 550, Washington, DC 20005; tel (202) 326-0040; fax (202) 589-0511; e-mail
; tel (202) 326-0040; fax (202) 589-0511; e-mail ; tel (202) 326-0040; fax (202) 589-0511; e-mail iwp@nowldef.org.
New Jersey Immigration Policy Network (www.njipn.org) – 972 Broad St., 8th floor, Newark, NJ 07102; tel (973) 622-6448; fax (973) 622-6618; e-mail
, 8th floor, Newark, NJ 07102; tel (973) 622-6448; fax (973) 622-6618; e-mail , 8th floor, Newark, NJ 07102; tel (973) 622-6448; fax (973) 622-6618; e-mail njipn@njipn.org.
New York Institute for Haiti Advocacy (www.geocities.com/haiti_advocacy) – PO Box 206, New York, NY 10025; e-mail
; e-mail ; e-mail scoup12@hotmail.com.
Southeast Asia Resource Center (www.searac.org) – 1628 16th St. NW, 3rd Floor, Washington, DC 20009; tel (202) 667-4690; fax (202) 667-6449; e-mail searac@searac.org.
United Methodist Committee on Relief (http://gbgm-umc.org/umcor/refugees) – General Board of Global Ministries, United Methodist Church, 475 Riverside Dr., New York, NY 10115; tel (800) UMC-GBGM; e-mail umcor@gbgm-umc.org.
U.S. Committee for Refugees (www.refugees.org/) – 1717 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 347-3507; fax (202) 347-3418; e-mail uscr@irsa-uscr.org.
U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops Migration and Refugee Services (www.nccbuscc.org/mrs) – 3211 Fourth St. NE, Washington, DC 20017; tel (202) 541-3352; e-mail
; tel (202) 541-3352; e-mail ; tel (202) 541-3352; e-mail mrs@usccb.org.
Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children (www.womenscommission.org) – 122 E. 42nd St., 12th Floor, New York, NY 10168; tel (212) 551-3088; fax (212) 551-3180; e-mail info@womenscommission.org.
; tel (202) 244-2990; fax (202) 244-3196.
American Bar Association Commission on Immigration Policy and Practice (www.abanet.org) – 740 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005; tel (202) 662-1000.
; tel (202) 662-1000. ; tel (202) 662-1000.
American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (www.aflcio.org) – 815 16th St. NW, Washington, DC 20006; tel (202) 637-5000; fax (202) 637-5058.
; tel (202) 637-5000; fax (202) 637-5058. ; tel (202) 637-5000; fax (202) 637-5058.
Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (www.aaldef.org) – 99 Hudson St., 12th Floor, New York, NY 10013; tel (212) 966-5932; fax (202) 966-4303; e-mail info@aaldef.org.
Center for Law and Social Policy (www.clasp.org) – 1015 15th Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005; tel (202) 906-8000; fax (202) 842-2885.
Council on American Islamic Relations (www.cair-net.org) – 453 New Jersey Ave. SE, Washington, DC 20003; tel (202) 488-8787; fax (202) 488-0833; e-mail cair@cair-net.org.
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (www.cbpp.org) – 820 First St. NE, # 510, Washington, DC 20002; tel (202) 408-1080; fax (202) 408-1056; e-mail
; tel (202) 408-1080; fax (202) 408-1056; e-mail ; tel (202) 408-1080; fax (202) 408-1056; e-mail bazie@cbpp.org.
Enlaces América, International Program of Heartland Alliance (www.enlacesamerica.org) – 208 S. LaSalle St., Suite 1818, Chicago, IL 60604; tel (312) 660-1343; fax (312) 660-1500.
; tel (312) 660-1343; fax (312) 660-1500. ; tel (312) 660-1343; fax (312) 660-1500.
Equal Rights Advocates (www.equalrights.org) – 1663 Mission St., Suite 250, San Francisco, CA 94103; tel (415) 621-0672; fax (415) 621-6744; e-mail
; tel (415) 621-0672; fax (415) 621-6744; e-mail ; tel (415) 621-0672; fax (415) 621-6744; e-mail info@equalrights.org.
Farmworker Justice Fund (www.fwjustice.org) – 1010 Vermont Ave. NW, Suite 915, Washington, DC 20005; tel (202) 783-2628; fax (202) 783-2561; e-mail fjf@nclr.org.
National Interfaith Committee for Worker Justice (http://capwiz.com/nicwj/home/) – 1020 W. Bryn Mawr Ave., 4th Floor, Chicago, IL 60660; tel (773) 728-8400; fax (773) 728-8409.
National Organizers Alliance (www.noacentral.org) – 715 G St. SE, Washington, DC 20003; tel (202) 543-6603; fax (202) 543-2462; e-mail info@noacentral.org.
Political Research Associates (www.publiceye.org) 1310 Broadway, Suite 201, Somerville, MA 02144; tel (617) 666-5300; fax (617) 666-6622; e-mail pra@igc.org.
Religious Task Force on Central America and Mexico (www.rtfcam.org) – 3053 Fourth St. NE, Washington, DC 20017; tel (202) 529-0441; e-mail
; tel (202) 529-0441; e-mail ; tel (202) 529-0441; e-mail jdietz@rtfcam.org.
Resource Center of the Americas (www.americas.org) – 3019 Minnehaha Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55406; tel (612) 276-0788; fax (612) 276-0898; e-mail
; tel (612) 276-0788; fax (612) 276-0898; e-mail ; tel (612) 276-0788; fax (612) 276-0898; e-mail info@americas.org.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace International Migration Policy Program (www.ceip.org) – 1779 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 483-7600; fax (202) 483-1840; e-mail info@ceip.org.
Center for Immigration Research, University of Houston (www.uh.edu/cir) – 492 Philip G. Hoffman Hall, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX 77204; tel (713) 743-3964; fax (713) 743-3943; e-mail cir@bayou.uh.edu.
Center for Migration Studies (www.cmsny.org) – 209 Flagg Pl., Staten Island, NY 10304; tel (718) 351-8800; fax (718) 667-4598; e-mail
; tel (718) 351-8800; fax (718) 667-4598; e-mail ; tel (718) 351-8800; fax (718) 667-4598; e-mail cms@cmsny.org.
Expedited Removal Study, Center for Human Rights and International Justice, University of California, Hastings College of Law (www.uchastings.edu/ers) – 200 McAllister St., San Francisco, CA 94102; tel (415) 565-4720; fax (415) 565-4865; e-mail
; tel (415) 565-4720; fax (415) 565-4865; e-mail; tel (415) 565-4720; fax (415) 565-4865; e-mail musalok@uchastings.edu.
International Center for Migration, Ethnicity, and Citizenship (www.newschool.edu/icmec) – 65 Fifth Ave., Room 230, New York, NY 10003; tel (212) 229-5399; fax (212) 989-0504; e-mail icmec@newschool.edu.
Migration Dialogue (www.migration.ucdavis.edu) – e-mail migrant@primal.ucdavis.edu.
Migration News, University of California-Davis (http://migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/links_mn.html).
Migration Policy Institute (www.migrationpolicy.org) – 1400 16th St. NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 266-1940; fax (202) 266-1900.
; tel (202) 266-1940; fax (202) 266-1900. ; tel (202) 266-1940; fax (202) 266-1900.
Tomas Rivera Policy Institute (www.trpi.org) – California: 1050 North Mills Ave., Pitzer College, Scott Hall, Claremont, CA 91711; tel (909) 621-8897; fax (909) 621-8898. Texas: PO Box 8047, Austin, TX, 78713; tel (512) 471-2872; fax (512) 471-2873; e-mail
; tel (512) 471-2872; fax (512) 471-2873; e-mail ; tel (512) 471-2872; fax (512) 471-2873; e-mail trpi@cgu.edu.
Urban Institute (www.urban.org) – 2100 M St. NW, Washington, DC 20037; tel (202) 833-7200; e-mail paffairs@ui.urban.org.
National Conference of State Legislatures Immigrant Policy Project (www.ncsl.org/programs/immig) – 444 N. Capitol Street NW, Suite 515, Washington, DC 20001; tel (202) 624-5400; fax (202) 737-1069; e-mail info@ncsl.org.
Office of Refugee Resettlement, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/orr) – 370 L’Enfant Promenade SW, 6th Floor E., Washington, DC 20447; tel (202) 401-9246; fax (202) 401-5487.
Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/osc) – U.S. Deptartment of Justice, Civil Rights Division, 950 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20530; tel (800) 255-7688 or (202) 616-5594; fax (202) 616-5509.
U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home) – Case Postale 2500, CH-1211 Genève 2 Dépôt, Suisse; tel (41) 22-739-8111.
As of March 1, 2003, the Immigration and Naturalization Service was divided into separate agencies and transferred from the Justice Department to the new Department of Homeland Security. The new agencies separate immigration services and enforcement functions. For more information, see:
Anti-Immigrant Groups
Californians for Population Stabilization (www.capsweb.org) – 1129 State St., Suite 3-D, Santa Barbara, CA 93101; tel (805) 564-6626; fax (805) 564-6636; e-mail
info@capsweb.org.
Carrying Capacity Network (www.carryingcapacity.org) – 2000 P St. NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036; tel (202) 296-4548; fax (202) 296-4609; e-mail
; tel (202) 296-4548; fax (202) 296-4609; e-mail ; tel (202) 296-4548; fax (202) 296-4609; e-mail carryingcapacity@covad.net.
Federation for American Immigration Reform (www.fairus.org) – 1666 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20009; tel (202) 328-7004; fax (202) 387-3447.
; tel (202) 328-7004; fax (202) 387-3447. ; tel (202) 328-7004; fax (202) 387-3447.
Negative Population Growth (www.npg.org) – 2861 Duke St., Suite 36, Alexandria, VA 22314; tel (703) 370-9510; fax (703) 370-9514; e-mail
; tel (703) 370-9510; fax (703) 370-9514; e-mail
; tel (703) 370-9510; fax (703) 370-9514; e-mail npg@npg.org. ;
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A NYU FORU: REFLECTIONS ON SUDAN
Thursday, April 20, 2006
Where: Silver Center, 100 Washington Square East, Room 300
Time: 6:00pm – 8:30pm
This colloquium plans to address the underlying factors that have contributed to the escalating conflicts in the Sudan. It will historicize the conflict by addressing the roles of the British and the Egyptians in the creation of the North/South dichotomy. It will focus on the ways in which the South has been used as a source of manpower through slavery and the garnering of its material resources from agricultural products to oil. It will also focus on the human rights abuses in Darfur and the local and international responses to what has been described as the worst humanitarian crisis.
Speakers: Heather Sharkey, University of Pennsylvania
Simon Deng of the Sudan Peace Walk
Joyce Aspel, New York University
A Darfur Survivor, Darfur Rehabilitation Association
This event is free and open to the NYU Community & the General Public
(valid photo i.d. for entry to all NYU buildings)
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Mission Statement
Damanga promotes the human rights of the people of Darfur, Sudan and elsewhere in the world. We educate the people in North America, in the Sudanese region and elsewhere in the world about their rights to freedom, equality and participation in government. Damanga seeks to aid the disempowered, including the victims of the Darfur conflict, so they can work for the preservation of their communities.
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